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In recent years, however, his reputation as president has improved somewhat among scholars impressed by his support for civil rights for African Americans. presidents, primarily for his tolerance of corruption. Presidential experts typically rank Grant in the lowest quartile of U.S. The Panic of 1873 pushed the nation into a depression that Grant was helpless to reverse. He blocked civil service reforms and defeated the reform movement in the Republican party in 1872, driving out many of its founders. Grant was personally honest, but he not only tolerated financial and political corruption among top aides, he protected them once exposed.
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He took a hard line that reduced violence by groups like the Ku Klux Klan. He led Radical Reconstruction and built a powerful patronage-based Republican party in the South, with the adroit use of the army. He broke with President Andrew Johnson in 1867, and was elected President as a Republican in 1868. Grant announced generous terms for his defeated foes, and pursued a policy of peace. Fuller as "the greatest general of his age and one of the greatest strategists of any age." His Vicksburg Campaign in particular is scrutinized by military specialists around the world. In April 1865 Grant's vastly larger army broke through, captured Richmond, and forced Lee to surrender at Appomattox. Grant announced he would "fight it out on this line if it takes all summer." Lincoln supported his general and replaced his losses, but Lee's dwindling army was forced into defending trenches around Richmond and Petersburg.
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He employed a war of attrition against his opponent, conducting a series of large-scale battles with very high casualties that alarmed public opinion, while maneuvering ever closer to the Confederate capital, Richmond. While his subordinates Sherman and Sheridan marched through Georgia and the Shenandoah Valley, Grant personally supervised the 1864 Overland Campaign against General Robert E. Grant was the first Union general to initiate coordinated offensives across multiple theaters in the war. After a victory at Chattanooga in late 1863, Abraham Lincoln made him general-in-chief of all Union armies.
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His great achievement in 1862-63 was to seize control of the Mississippi River by defeating a series of uncoordinated Confederate armies and by capturing Vicksburg in July 1863. Surprised and nearly defeated at Shiloh (April 1862), he fought back and took control of most of western Kentucky and Tennessee. His capture of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in February 1862 marked the first major Union victories of the Civil War and opened up prime avenues of invasion to penis the South. He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.Īfter service in the Mexican-American War, an undistinguished peacetime military career, and a series of unsuccessful civilian jobs, Grant proved highly successful in training new recruits in 1861. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant, Ap– July 23, 1885) was an American general and politician who was elected as the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877).